Keeping your Irrigation Project in mind, comment on what methods of irrigation do you think are the best for a country like Pakistan? Explain why you chose the option.
depending on the land forms different types of irrigation system should be adopted for Pakistan 1.potowar plateau: canal irrigation is not possible due to rugged landscape. the best irrigation method for potowar plateau is tube wells because potwar plateau receives rainfall from western depressions,monsoon,relief rainfall. for this the ground water is present there in large amount thus can be extracted through tube wells. 2.Indus plains. comparatively Indus plain is the most developed area of Pakistan. it has the ability to use a little more expensive but comprehensive manner. according to the wealth and Indus river system abiding in Indus plain perennial canals must be opted. they not only provide water for irrigation but can also help to overcome the load shedding problem by the HEP schemes. 3.Baluchistan plateau: karez system suits this place despite the inefficiency of this method due to high evapotranspiration rate of the plateau. however tube wells may be planted but they don't imply on the economy of poor farmers of Baluchistan. canals are prevented by rugged landscape. 4.desert areas drip irrigation suit the desert areas due to high evaporation rate and rugged landscape. this irrigation mean can be carried easily to the considerable reclaimed land. however it may be expensive but the areas which are required to be irrigated such as the pattis are considerable too. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls_7bm1Ypb4 this shows drip irrigation in the deserts of Dubai which can be adopted by Pakistan too. 5.northern mountains: diversion channels are the best option this is because the carry the water to the terraced fields. the canal irrigation is not possible due to rugged landscape, and the other means of irrigation including tube wells,perennial canals,sprinklers and tankers are too expensive for the area because unlike deserts it is a vast area with many valleys including gilgit,chitral,hunza and swat valley. thus the above methods are somehow suitable for the economy of the particular landscape.
the areas of pakistan which are capable of using canal irrigation system they should be irrigated by canals.these areas include punjab plains. other areas of pakistan should be irrigated by using tubewells. tube wells can be used in any part of pakistan. they can also lower the water table decreasing the risk of water logging and salinity.
I agree with you Fahad, because we can neither implement all methods in one place, nor depend on only one method totally. The best practice would be to find a combination of a few working methods supporting the environment and land availability. Besides it would be wonrderful if those hundreds of hectares of water logged and saline land is reclaimed and handed back to poor farmers. Keep Posting.
Pakistan is a country with rich potential to achieve anything and is a country that is blessed with all natural needs. As the irrigation methods are concerned I think the following methods would suit best depending on the region and land forms; 1. For the areas like Baluchistan which have a sandy and barren landscape I believe that “Karez” system is best because there is less demand for water as the population is moderate and only small scale-farming is practiced. It is neither too expensive nor to sophisticated for daily use. One drastic drawback is that it is unreliable and in efficient as well as there is very less rainfall and due to high scorching temperatures during the day, the evapo-transpiration rate is very high which results in water loss. So an alternative source can be tube wells but it does not imply for large-scale farming. 2. For areas like the northern mountains, the best option is to use channels to carry water to terraced fields, as the gravity will assist the water flow from high glacial lakes to the lower areas where farming can be practiced. 3. An area like the Potwar plateau is ideal for tube wells and tank irrigation due to a high annual rainfall as it receives rain fall during the monsoon season, W. depressions and relief rainfall. There is a store of water available for use throughout the year as the water table gets high enough and serving its purpose, the tube wells can easily extract them . 4. For areas which have a natural well-developed drainage system like the Indus plains, the most suitable mode of irrigation is the perennial canal system which not only prevents the risk of flooding but also provides water for irrigational purposes. This method is expensive but if we take a look on the other hand we can surely see that it the most productive region of Pakistan so steps should be taken to maintain this productivity. 5. Lastly for the areas with water scarcity I would suggest the use of drip irrigation. For its small scale demonstration please look at the video on the url provided but it can be taken to large scale size as it can be very beneficial. http://www.craftster.org/video/Advantages-of-Drip-Irrigation-in-Your-Garden-242420449 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls_7bm1Ypb4
4 comments:
depending on the land forms different types of irrigation system should be adopted for Pakistan
1.potowar plateau:
canal irrigation is not possible due to rugged landscape. the best irrigation method for potowar plateau is tube wells because potwar plateau receives rainfall from western depressions,monsoon,relief rainfall. for this the ground water is present there in large amount thus can be extracted through tube wells.
2.Indus plains.
comparatively Indus plain is the most developed area of Pakistan. it has the ability to use a little more expensive but comprehensive manner. according to the wealth and Indus river system abiding in Indus plain perennial canals must be opted. they not only provide water for irrigation but can also help to overcome the load shedding problem by the HEP schemes.
3.Baluchistan plateau:
karez system suits this place despite the inefficiency of this method due to high evapotranspiration rate of the plateau. however tube wells may be planted but they don't imply on the economy of poor farmers of Baluchistan. canals are prevented by rugged landscape.
4.desert areas
drip irrigation suit the desert areas due to high evaporation rate and rugged landscape. this irrigation mean can be carried easily to the considerable reclaimed land. however it may be expensive but the areas which are required to be irrigated such as the pattis are considerable too.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls_7bm1Ypb4
this shows drip irrigation in the deserts of Dubai which can be adopted by Pakistan too.
5.northern mountains:
diversion channels are the best option this is because the carry the water to the terraced fields. the canal irrigation is not possible due to rugged landscape, and the other means of irrigation including tube wells,perennial canals,sprinklers and tankers are too expensive for the area because unlike deserts it is a vast area with many valleys including gilgit,chitral,hunza and swat valley.
thus the above methods are somehow suitable for the economy of the particular landscape.
the areas of pakistan which are capable of using canal irrigation system they should be irrigated by canals.these areas include punjab plains. other areas of pakistan should be irrigated by using tubewells. tube wells can be used in any part of pakistan. they can also lower the water table decreasing the risk of water logging and salinity.
I agree with you Fahad, because we can neither implement all methods in one place, nor depend on only one method totally. The best practice would be to find a combination of a few working methods supporting the environment and land availability. Besides it would be wonrderful if those hundreds of hectares of water logged and saline land is reclaimed and handed back to poor farmers.
Keep Posting.
Pakistan is a country with rich potential to achieve anything and is a country that is blessed with all natural needs. As the irrigation methods are concerned I think the following methods would suit best depending on the region and land forms;
1. For the areas like Baluchistan which have a sandy and barren landscape I believe that “Karez” system is best because there is less demand for water as the population is moderate and only small scale-farming is practiced. It is neither too expensive nor to sophisticated for daily use. One drastic drawback is that it is unreliable and in efficient as well as there is very less rainfall and due to high scorching temperatures during the day, the evapo-transpiration rate is very high which results in water loss. So an alternative source can be tube wells but it does not imply for large-scale farming.
2. For areas like the northern mountains, the best option is to use channels to carry water to terraced fields, as the gravity will assist the water flow from high glacial lakes to the lower areas where farming can be practiced.
3. An area like the Potwar plateau is ideal for tube wells and tank irrigation due to a high annual rainfall as it receives rain fall during the monsoon season, W. depressions and relief rainfall. There is a store of water available for use throughout the year as the water table gets high enough and serving its purpose, the tube wells can easily extract them .
4. For areas which have a natural well-developed drainage system like the Indus plains, the most suitable mode of irrigation is the perennial canal system which not only prevents the risk of flooding but also provides water for irrigational purposes. This method is expensive but if we take a look on the other hand we can surely see that it the most productive region of Pakistan so steps should be taken to maintain this productivity.
5. Lastly for the areas with water scarcity I would suggest the use of drip irrigation. For its small scale demonstration please look at the video on the url provided but it can be taken to large scale size as it can be very beneficial.
http://www.craftster.org/video/Advantages-of-Drip-Irrigation-in-Your-Garden-242420449
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ls_7bm1Ypb4
Post a Comment